Datei:Mauna Loa CO2 monthly mean concentration DE.svg
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Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung
BeschreibungMauna Loa CO2 monthly mean concentration DE.svg |
Deutsch: Die Keeling-Kurve ist die graphische Darstellung des mittleren globalen Konzentrationsverlaufs des Spurengases Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2) in der Erdatmosphäre seit dem Jahr 1958. |
Datum | |
Quelle | Eigenes Werk. Data from Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL and Dr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. |
Urheber | Oeneis |
Andere Versionen |
Keeling curve
|
Kameraposition | 19° 32′ 10,31″ N, 155° 34′ 36,84″ W | Dieses und weitere Bilder auf OpenStreetMap | 19.536197; -155.576900 |
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Lizenz
Ich, der Urheber dieses Werkes, veröffentliche es unter der folgenden Lizenz:
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Data source license
These data are made freely available to the public and the scientific community in the belief that their wide dissemination will lead to greater understanding and new scientific insights.
— Pieter Tans, in: NOAA
Create this graph
R code
# Mauna Loa atmospheric CO2 change
# multi language plot for Wikipedia
# using different possible sources (Scripps if NOAA is not available)
#
# Used for https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mauna_Loa_CO2_monthly_mean_concentration.svg
# and related files in other languages. See all files in :
# https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:Other_versions/Mauna_Loa_CO2_monthly_mean_concentration
#
# Update this script on :
# https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Other_versions/Mauna_Loa_CO2_monthly_mean_concentration.R&action=edit
# Required packages. used for :
library(readr) # reading data
library(dplyr) # data processing
library(ggplot2) # plot
library(gridExtra) # plot positionning
library(scales) # pretty breaks on plot axis
library(lubridate) # date processing
library(httr) # check url
library(Hmisc) # ci from bootstrap
# install all locales beforehand, e.g. :
# sudo locale-gen ca_ES.UTF-8
old_locale <- Sys.getlocale("LC_TIME")
# Translations ------------------------------------------------------------
language <- list(
ca_ES = list(
locale_lc_time = "ca_ES.UTF-8",
title = bquote("Mitjana mensual de la concentratió de"~CO[2]),
subtitle = "Mauna Loa",
caption_scripps = paste("dades : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper and A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Visitada", Sys.Date()),
caption_noaa = paste("dades : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) i\n Dr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Visitada ", Sys.Date()),
x = "any",
y = bquote("fracció de"~CO[2]~"en aire sec ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
x2 = "mes",
y2 = bquote(atop("fracció de"~CO[2]~"en aire sec ("*mu*"mol/mol)",
"desviació de la mitjana anual")),
title2 = "Variació mensual"
),
cs_CZ = list(
locale_lc_time = "cs_CZ.UTF-8",
title = "Průměrné měsíční koncentrace oxidu uhličitého",
subtitle = "Mauna Loa",
caption_scripps = paste("data : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper a A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Přístupné", Sys.Date()),
caption_noaa = paste("data : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) a\nDr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Přístupné", Sys.Date()),
x = "rok",
y = bquote("koncentrace"~CO[2]~"v suchém vzduchu ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
x2 = "měsíc",
y2 = bquote(atop("koncentrace"~CO[2]~"v suchém vzduchu ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "odchylka od ročního průměru")),
title2 = "Měsíční změna (průměrná roční odchylka)"
),
de_DE = list(
locale_lc_time = "de_DE.UTF-8",
title = bquote("Monatliche durchschnittliche"~CO[2]*"-Konzentration"),
subtitle = "Mauna Loa",
caption_scripps = paste("Datei : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper und A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Zugänglich am", Sys.Date()),
caption_noaa = paste("Datei : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) und\nDr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Zugänglich am", Sys.Date()),
x = "Jahr",
y = bquote(CO[2]*"-Anteil in trockener Luft ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
x2 = "Monate",
y2 = bquote(atop(CO[2]*"-Anteil in trockener Luft ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "Abweichung vom Jahresmittel")),
title2 = "Monatliche Variation"
),
en_US = list(
locale_lc_time = "en_US.UTF-8",
title = bquote("Monthly mean"~CO[2]~"concentration"),
subtitle = "Mauna Loa",
caption_scripps = paste("Data : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper and A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Accessed", Sys.Date()),
caption_noaa = paste("Data : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) and\n Dr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Accessed ", Sys.Date()),
x = "Year",
y = bquote(CO[2]~"fraction in dry air ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
x2 = "Month",
y2 = bquote(atop(CO[2]~"fraction in dry air ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "Departure from yearly average")),
title2 = "Seasonal variation"
),
es_ES = list(
locale_lc_time = "es_ES.UTF-8",
title = bquote("Media mensual de la concentración de"~CO[2]),
subtitle = "Mauna Loa",
caption_scripps = paste("dato : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper y A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Visitada", Sys.Date()),
caption_noaa = paste("dato : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) y\nDr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Visitada", Sys.Date()),
x = "Año",
y = bquote("Fraccion de"~CO[2]~"en aire secco ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
x2 = "Mes",
y2 = bquote(atop("Fraccion de"~CO[2]~"en aire secco ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "Desviación de la media anual")),
title2 = "Variación mensual"
),
fr_FR = list(
locale_lc_time = "fr_FR.UTF-8",
title = bquote("Moyenne mensuelle de la concentration de"~CO[2]),
subtitle = "Mauna Loa",
caption_scripps = paste("données : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper et A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Accédé le", Sys.Date()),
caption_noaa = paste("données : Dr Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) et\n Dr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Accédé le", Sys.Date()),
x = "année",
y = bquote("fraction de"~CO[2]~"dans l'air sec ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
x2 = "mois",
y2 = bquote(atop("fraction de"~CO[2]~"dans l'air sec ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "en écart à la moyenne annuelle")),
title2 = "Variation saisonnière"
),
nl_NL = list(
locale_lc_time = "nl_NL.UTF-8",
title = bquote("Maandelijkse gemiddelde"~CO[2]*"-concentratie"),
subtitle = "Mauna Loa",
caption_scripps = glue("Gegevens : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper en A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Geopend {Sys.Date()}"),
caption_noaa = glue("Gegevens : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) en\n Dr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Accessed {Sys.Date()}"),
x = "Jaar",
y = bquote(CO[2]*"-fractie in droge lucht ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
x2 = "Mannd",
y2 = bquote(atop(CO[2]*"-fractie in droge lucht ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "Afwijking van jaargemiddelde")),
title2 = "Seizoensgebonden variatie"
),
nn_NO = list(
locale_lc_time = "nn_NO.UTF-8",
title = bquote("Gjennomsnittlig månedlig"~CO[2]*"-konsentrasjon"),
subtitle = "Mauna Loa",
caption_scripps = paste("data : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper og A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Vist", Sys.Date()),
caption_noaa = paste("data : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) og\nDr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Vist", Sys.Date()),
x = "År",
y = bquote(CO[2]*"-andel i tørr luft ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
x2 = "Måned",
y2 = bquote(atop(CO[2]*"-andel i tørr luft ("*mu*"mol/mol)",
"Avvik fra årlig gjennomsnitt")),
title2 = "Årlig variasjon"
),
pl_PL = list(
locale_lc_time = "pl_PL.UTF-8",
title = bquote("Średnie miesięczne stężenie"~CO[2]),
subtitle = "Mauna Loa",
caption_scripps = paste("Dane : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper i A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Dostęp na", Sys.Date()),
caption_noaa = paste("Dane : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) i\nDr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Dostęp na", Sys.Date()),
x = "Rok",
y = bquote("Frakcja"~CO[2]~"w suchym powietrzu ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
x2 = "Miesiąc",
y2 = bquote(atop("Frakcja"~CO[2]~"w suchym powietrzu ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "Odejście od średniej rocznej")),
title2 = "Wahania sezonowe"
),
ro_RO = list(
locale_lc_time = "ro_RO.UTF-8",
title = bquote("Concentrația medie lunară de"~CO[2]),
subtitle = "Mauna Loa, Hawaii",
caption_scripps = paste("Date: R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper și A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Accesat în", Sys.Date()),
caption_noaa = paste("Date : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) și\n Dr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). Accesat în", Sys.Date()),
x = "An",
y = bquote("Ponderea"~CO[2]~"în aer uscat ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
x2 = "Lună",
y2 = bquote(atop("Abaterea cotei"~CO[2]~"în aer uscat ("*mu*"mol/mol)", "Abatere de la media anuală")),
title2 = "Variație sezonieră"
),
ru_RU = list(
locale_lc_time = "ru_RU.UTF-8",
title = bquote("Среднемесячная и среднегодовая концентрации"~CO[2]),
subtitle = "Мауна Лоа, Гаваи",
caption_scripps = paste("данные : R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper и A. F. Bollenbacher\nScripps CO2 Program (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). доступ на", Sys.Date()),
caption_noaa = paste("данные : Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/) и\nDr. Ralph Keeling, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/). доступ на ", Sys.Date()),
x = "Годы",
y = bquote("Доля"~CO[2]~"в сухом воздухе ("*mu*"mol/mol)"),
x2 = "Месяцы",
y2 = bquote(atop("Отклонение доли"~CO[2]~"в сухом воздухе", "от среднегодового значения, мкмоль/моль")),
title2 = "Сезонные колебания"
)
)
# Data --------------------------------------------------------------------
# First try NOAA data, if not availble use Scripps data
if (!http_error("ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/products/trends/co2/co2_mm_mlo.txt")) {
# https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/data.html
source <- "noaa"
co2ml <- read_table(
"ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/products/trends/co2/co2_mm_mlo.txt",
col_names = c("year", "month", "decimal", "average", "deseason", "ndays", "stddays", "unc"),
col_types = "iidddidd",
na = c("-99.99", "-1"),
comment = "#") %>%
group_by(year) %>%
mutate(year_mean = mean(average, na.rm = TRUE),
delta = average - year_mean,
vdate = ymd(paste0("2015-", month, "-01")))%>%
rename(co2 = average)
} else {
# https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/data/atmospheric_co2/primary_mlo_co2_record
# used during US gov shutdown
source <- "scripps"
co2ml <- read_csv(
"https://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/assets/data/atmospheric/stations/in_situ_co2/monthly/monthly_in_situ_co2_mlo.csv",
col_names = c("year", "month", "xls_date", "decimal",
"co2_raw", "co2_raw_seas_adj", "fit", "fit_seas_adj",
"co2_filled", "co2_filled_seas_adj"),
col_types = "iiiddddddd",
skip = 57,
na = "-99.99",
comment = "\"") %>%
group_by(year) %>%
mutate(year_mean = mean(co2_filled, na.rm = TRUE),
delta = co2_filled - year_mean,
vdate = ymd(paste0("2015-", month, "-01"))) %>%
rename(co2 = co2_filled)
}
# Generate the plot for each language -------------------------------------
for (l in names(language)) {
message(l)
current <- language[[l]]
# format the date in local names
Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", current$locale_lc_time)
# main plot
p1 <- ggplot(co2ml, aes(decimal, co2)) +
geom_line(color = "pink") +
geom_point(color = "red", size = 0.6) +
stat_smooth(span = 0.1) +
scale_x_continuous(breaks = pretty_breaks()) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = pretty_breaks()) +
labs(x = current$x,
y = current$y,
title = current$title,
subtitle = paste(current$subtitle, min(co2ml$year), "-", max(co2ml$year)),
caption = paste(current[[paste0("caption_", source)]],
"https://w.wiki/4ZWn", sep = "\n")) +
theme_bw() +
theme(plot.caption = element_text(size = 7))
# inset plot
p2 <- ggplot(co2ml, aes(vdate, delta)) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0) +
stat_smooth(span = 0.4, se = FALSE) +
stat_summary(fun.data = "mean_cl_boot", colour = "red", size = 0.3) +
scale_x_date(breaks = pretty_breaks(4),
minor_breaks = pretty_breaks(12),
labels = date_format("%b")) +
labs(x = current$x2,
y = current$y2,
title = current$title2) +
theme_bw()
# merge the plots and export in SVG
p1 + annotation_custom(grob = ggplotGrob(p2),
xmin = 1957, xmax = 1991, ymin = 361, ymax = 420)
ggsave(file = paste("co2_mauna_loa", l, Sys.Date(), "wp.svg", sep = "_"),
width = 20,
height = 20,
units = "cm",
device = svg)
}
# return to former locale
Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", old_locale)
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6. Januar 2019
19°32'10.309"N, 155°34'36.840"W
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