English: Summary of the payback times calculated by the studies analyzed for harvest residues in comparison to various reference systems. The studies analyzed report payback times in the range of 0 – 74 years for harvest residues. The main factors affecting these values are mostly similar to the ones described for stemwood. The ratio of fossil carbon displacement is the main parameter. If the residues are used with high efficiency to displace coal (such as in co-firing), the payback times are rather short, if any. In case the residues are heavily processed to produce liquid biofuel the payback time increases dramatically. Also the size of the residue plays a relevant role, as well as the geographic and local conditions that influence the bacterial decomposition rates.